Abstract Introduction The Lancet Commission for Global Surgery identified an adequate
surgical workforce as one indicator of surgical care accessibility. Many countries where …

Background: Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias toward women in surgery has
been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and …

Background Female medical students outnumber males with increasing representation in
the workforce. However, women remain underrepresented in surgical leadership …

Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Objective. To illustrate demographic trends among
spine fellowship leaders (FLs). Summary of Background Data. No previous study in the …

Abstract Background Fellowship directors (FDs) in adult reconstruction have a profound
impact on current and future trainees within orthopedics. Our group sought to evaluate the …

BACKGROUND Fellowship directors (FDs) in sports medicine influence the future of
trainees in the field of orthopaedics. Understanding the characteristics these leaders share …

Background There has been a recent focus on sex-based disparities within the field of
academic surgery. However, the proportion of female surgeons conducting NIH-funded …

Introduction The diversity among surgical directors for liver, kidney, and pancreas transplant
departments has not been previously evaluated. We aim to quantify the sex and racial …

Methods: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Public Accreditation
Data System was used to identify all accredited and active orthopaedic sports medicine …

Background: No study in the orthopaedic literature has analyzed the demographic
characteristics or surgical training of sports medicine fellowship directors (FDs). Objective …