Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
frequently occur together and their coexistence is associated with worse outcomes than …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the
respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic …

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune
defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with high social and
economic costs. Concomitant chronic cardiac disorders are frequent in patients with COPD …

Ageing is associated with a progressive degeneration of the tissues, which has a negative
impact on the structure and function of vital organs and is among the most important known …

COPD is now widely recognized as a complex heterogeneous syndrome, having both
pulmonary and extrapulmonary features. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of COPD is based …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including plasma membrane–derived microvesicles and
endosomal-derived exosomes aggregate by unknown mechanisms, forming …

Our understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed
dramatically over the past two decades. We have moved from an airflow limitation-centric …

Disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is variable, with
some patients having a relatively stable course, while others suffer relentless progression …