Log messages have been used widely in many software systems for a variety of purposes
during software development and field operation. There are two phases in software logging …

Abstract Most existing Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) methods have the strong bias problem, in
which instances of unseen (target) classes tend to be categorized as one of the seen …

Program understanding plays a pivotal role in software maintenance and evolution: a deep
understanding of code is the step** stone for most software-related activities, such as bug …

Background: Logging practices provide the ability to record valuable runtime information of
software systems to support operations tasks such as service monitoring and …

Understanding software is an inherent requirement for many maintenance and evolution
tasks. Without a thorough understanding of the code, developers would not be able to fix …

The discipline of computer science has a long and complicated history with computer
programming languages. Historically, inventors have created language products for a wide …

Previous research shows that developers spend most of their time understanding code.
Despite the importance of code understandability for maintenance-related activities, an …

Since its inception in 1996, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been believed to
reduce the effort required to maintain software systems by replacing cross-cutting code with …

Background: Programming language design is not usually informed by empirical studies. In
other fields similar problems have inspired an evidence-based paradigm of practice. Such a …

Software metrics based maintainability prediction is leading to development of new
sophisticated techniques to construct prediction models. This paper proposes a new …