Introduction. The development augmented reality devices allow physicians to incorporate
data visualization into diagnostic and treatment procedures to improve work efficiency …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTEXT The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly
advancing, especially with recent improvements in deep learning (DL) techniques …

Recent technological innovations have created new opportunities for the increased adoption
of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications in medicine. While medical …

Background Computer-assisted solutions are changing surgical practice continuously. One
of the most disruptive technologies among the computer-integrated surgical techniques is …

Aims Computer-based applications are increasingly being used by orthopaedic surgeons in
their clinical practice. With the integration of technology in surgery, augmented reality (AR) …

Cranial base procedures involve manipulation of small, delicate and complex structures in
the fields of otology, rhinology, neurosurgery and maxillofacial surgery. Critical nerves and …

Neurosurgical technologies have become increasingly more adaptive, featuring real-time
and patient-specific guidance in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings …

Augmented reality (AR) comprises special hardware and software, which is used in order to
offer computer-processed imaging data to the surgeon in real time, so that real-life objects …

The tracking functionality, system control software, and a human-machine interface of
traditional surgical navigation may be consolidated to new augmented reality (AR) headsets …

Background Virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) are fast-develo** technologies
that allow the three-dimensional visualization of digital information. Objective This …