In the last three decades, knowledge of planetary systems other than our own has increased
rapidly with the discovery of over 5,000 exoplanets (Christiansen 2022). These worlds vary …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

Abstract About 2.5 billion years ago, microbes learned to harness plentiful solar energy to
reduce CO 2 with H 2 O, extracting energy and producing O 2 as waste. O 2 production from …

The geology of Earth and super‐Earth sized planets will, in many cases, only be observable
via their atmospheres. Here, we investigate secondary volcanic atmospheres as a key base …

Life is a complex, dynamic chemical system that requires a dense fluid solvent in which to
take place. A common assumption is that the most likely solvent for life is liquid water, and …

The first potential exoplanetary biosignature detections are likely to be ambiguous due to the
potential for false positives: abiotic planetary processes that produce observables similar to …

Waste gas products from technological civilizations may accumulate in an exoplanet
atmosphere to detectable levels. We propose nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and sulfur …

Agriculture is one of the oldest forms of technology on Earth. The cultivation of plants
requires a terrestrial planet with active hydrological and carbon cycles and depends on the …

We explore the prospects for Twinkle to determine the atmospheric composition of the
nearby terrestrial-like planet LTT 1445 Ab, including the possibility of detecting the potential …

The isotopic composition of nitrogen in the rock record provides valuable evidence of
reactive nitrogen sources and processing on early Earth, but the wide range of δ15N values …