Synthetic chemistry has traditionally relied on reactions between reactants of high chemical
potential and transformations that proceed energetically downhill to either a global or local …

Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and
design of stochastic molecular systems—biological, chemical and physical—in a move away …

Molecular engineering seeks to create functional entities for modular use in the bottom-up
design of nanoassemblies that can perform complex tasks. Such systems require fuel …

Rotary motors play key roles in energy transduction, from macroscale windmills to
nanoscale turbines such as ATP synthase in cells. Despite our abilities to construct engines …

To significantly advance the bio‐electrochemical CO2‐conversion rate and unfold the
correlation between the abiotic electrode and the attached microorganisms, an atomic …

Membrane‐spanning nanopores are used in label‐free single‐molecule sensing and next‐
generation portable nucleic acid sequencing, and as powerful research tools in biology …

DNA nanotechnology is a unique field, where physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics,
engineering, and materials science can elegantly converge. Since the original proposal of …

The development and bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells with a functional cytoskeleton
sets a major milestone to understand cell mechanics and to develop man-made machines …

Nanopore analysis relies on ensemble averaging of translocation signals obtained from
numerous molecules, requiring a relatively high sample concentration and a long …

Nanopore technology is widely used for sequencing DNA, RNA, and peptides with single-
molecule resolution, for fingerprinting single proteins, and for detecting metabolites …