This paper presents a complete review of MVDC applications and their required
technologies. Four main MVDC applications were investigated: rail, shipboard systems …

Power generation in the global power sector has recently seen a paradigm shift from
centralized bulk generation to distributed generation. In this regard, there are two …

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids can be protected by HVDC circuit breakers (DCCB)
to selectively clear DC side faults and assure continuous operation of the healthy parts in the …

Multi‐vendor interoperable HVDC grid protection is key to build large‐scale HVDC grids in a
step‐by‐step manner. On the one hand, various protection strategies and technologies have …

This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology for determining the converter droop
settings to ensure the voltage security in a multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grid. The …

To build up a secure AC/DC power grid, a reliable DC protection system is vital for multi-
terminal HVDC systems. However, efficient and reliable DC protection has always been a …

Various options for dc grid protection strategies are currently investigated which differ in
terms of speed and selectivity. In order to compare these options fairly, the impact on the …

This paper analyzes the impacts of Direct Current (DC) faults on the AC side for Voltage
Source Converter (VSC)-based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. This aims to …

This paper proposes a dc grid protection strategy based on temporary MMC blocking in
combination with mechanical DCCBs on dc lines. MMCs are blocked for only a short period …

Multi-terminal HVDC systems are envisioned as a technically and economically promising
solution for the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources into power systems. To …