High lipid content and excellent CO 2 fixation capability of microalgae by photosynthesis
have made microalgal biodiesel (BD) a promising carbon-neutral fuel. Nonetheless, the …

Bioethanol is an attractive biofuel having potential for energy security and environmental
safety over fossil fuels. To date, numerous biomass resources have been investigated for …

Scientific studies have demonstrated that it is possible to generate a wide variety of
bioenergy from biomass residues and waste, and however its cost is not competitive with …

Highlights•Different types of food wastes (homogeneous and heterogeneous) are
reviewed.•Processing of food wastes rich in carbohydrates into bioethanol is …

Presently, the society is facing a serious challenge for the effective management of the
increasing amount of produced municipal solid wastes. The accumulated waste has caused …

Municipal solid waste management is one of the major issues throughout the world.
Inappropriate management of municipal solid waste (MSW) can pose a major hazard …

Lignocellulosic and waste materials represent a considerable potential for biofuel
production. Currently, they are not fully utilised due to low biofuel yields from biological …

Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally due to its
influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of cellulosic ethanol …

Existing fossil-based commercial products present a significant threat to the depletion of
global natural resources and the conservation of the natural environment. Also, the ongoing …

With diminishing oil supplies and growing political instability in oil‐producing nations, the
world is facing a major energy threat which needs to be solved by virtue of alternative …