In this tutorial, we provide a broad introduction to the topic of interaction between the effects
of exposures. We discuss interaction on both additive and multiplicative scales using risks …

Objective Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant
modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether …

Authors often do not give sufficient information to draw conclusions about the size and
statistical significance of interaction on the additive and multiplicative scales. To improve …

We revisited the three interrelated epidemiological concepts of effect modification,
interaction and mediation for clinical investigators and examined their applicability when …

Preterm birth (gestational age< 37 weeks) has a worldwide prevalence of nearly 11%, and>
95% of preterm infants who receive modern neonatal and pediatric care now survive into …

In the theory of syndemics, diseases co-occur in particular temporal or geographical
contexts due to harmful social conditions (disease concentration) and interact at the level of …

Abstract Effect modification and/or Interaction are frequently assessed in epidemiological
research. However, in most cases, authors do not present sufficient information for the …

In randomized controlled trials as well as in observational studies, researchers are often
interested in effects of treatment or exposure in different subgroups, ie effect modification [1 …

Purpose The therapeutic ratio of reirradiation for recurrent or second primary (RSP)
squamous carcinoma of the head and neck may be improved in the intensity modulated …

Importance High body mass index (BMI) and low physical fitness are risk factors for
hypertension, but their interactive effects are unknown. Elucidation of interactions between …