Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by
human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows …

The landscape of fear (LOF) concept posits that prey navigate spatial heterogeneity in
perceived predation risk, balancing risk mitigation against other activities necessary for …

Animals experience varying levels of predation risk as they navigate heterogeneous
landscapes, and behavioral responses to perceived risk can structure ecosystems. The …

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts
across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although …

Having accurate, detailed, and up-to-date information about the location and behavior of
animals in the wild would improve our ability to study and conserve ecosystems. We …

Motion‐activated cameras (“camera traps”) are increasingly used in ecological and
management studies for remotely observing wildlife and are amongst the most powerful …

A “landscape of fear”(LOF) is a map that describes continuous spatial variation in an
animal's perception of predation risk. The relief on this map reflects, for example, places that …

The ability to directly monitor animal populations across time and space is a key element of
wildlife conservation and management, but logistically difficult to achieve. Photographic …

Camera trap** is an effective non-invasive method for collecting data on wildlife species
to address questions of ecological and conservation interest. We reviewed 2,167 camera …

Most animals confine their activities to a discrete home range, long assumed to reflect the
fitness benefits of obtaining spatial knowledge about the landscape. However, few empirical …