A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

CrystFEL is a suite of programs for processing data fromserial crystallography'experiments,
which are usually performed using X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) but also increasingly …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses of hard X-rays with a peak
brightness approximately one billion times greater than is available at synchrotron radiation …

X-ray free-electron lasers have opened up the possibility of structure determination of
protein crystals at room temperature, free of radiation damage. The femtosecond-duration …

Intense femtosecond x-ray pulses from free-electron laser sources allow the imaging of
individual particles in a single shot. Early experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source …

X-ray free-electron lasers provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics and
for imaging the structures of complex systems. Understanding the response of individual …

Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-
equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the …

Ångstrom and attosecond are the fundamental spatiotemporal scales for electron dynamics
in various materials. Although attosecond pulses with wavelengths comparable to the atomic …

The success, of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has extended the frontier of nonlinear
optics into the hard X-ray region. Recently, sum-frequency generation has been reported, as …