Pain is a personalized event or body alarm system that can limit a patient's activities and
lead to negative repercussions. The commercially available conventional treatment …

Introduction Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery approaches have witnessed massive
acceptance over the years and acquired a significant foothold owing to their tremendous …

Microneedles (MNs) are considered to be a novel smart injection system that causes
significantly low skin invasion upon puncturing, due to the micron-sized dimensions that …

Interstitial fluid (ISF) has attracted extensive attention in an extremely wide range of areas
due to its unique advantages, such as portability, high precision, comfortable operation, and …

Recently, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with needle scattered light (NSL)-guided
chiplets (minuscule circuits) is emerging as a fascinating platform for advanced biomedical …

Vaccination has produced a great improvement to the global health by decreasing/
eradicating many infectious diseases responsible for significant morbidity and mortality …

Introduction Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with
numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have …

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, in hospital and prehospital
settings. Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and …

Microneedles are used to deliver drugs topically across the skin and mucous membranes.
Dissolvable microneedles are made using soluble polymers, which disintegrates in the …

Interstitial fluid is a readily accessible source of biomarkers for various diseases, providing a
less invasive and more convenient option than traditional blood or tissue sampling methods …