The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most important invasive
pests worldwide, resulting in considerable losses in host crops. FAW comprises two genetic …

The fall armyworm of maize, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is
capable of causing a 100% yield loss due to its unforeseen occurrence from the seedling to …

The vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been
produced by transgenic crops to counter pest resistance to the widely used crystalline (Cry) …

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have
revolutionized control of some major pests. However, more than 25 cases of field-evolved …

The fall armyworm (FAW) is native to the Americas. It has invaded more than 100 countries
worldwide since its first observation in West Africa in 2016. FAW is a highly polyphagous …

The East Asian Insect Flyway is a globally important migration route stretching from the
Indochina Peninsula and the Philippines through East China to Northeast China and …

Egg batches of Spodoptera moths are protected by scales deposited by females around
and/or over eggs as a physical defense. These scales may affect the parasitism of some …

The outbreak of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa has led to several
recommendations of insecticides, including biopesticides. However, the effects of these …

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and several Asian countries, maize continues to be a
major staple food for millions of people. It plays an important role in food and nutrition …

Insects have evolved a spectrum of strategies that facilitate survival in the face of adverse
environmental conditions and bottom‐up or top‐down pressures. The egg is the first stage in …