The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional
cell–cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication …

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular
communication between tumor cells and stromal cells in local and distant …

Exosomes have received significant attention for their role in pathobiological processes and
are being explored as a tool for disease diagnosis and management. Consequently, various …

PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells binds its receptor PD-1 on effector T cells, thereby
suppressing their activity. Antibody blockade of PD-L1 can activate an anti-tumor immune …

Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of the cross-talk between tumor cells and
the microenvironment. However, the mechanisms by which exosomes modulate tumor …

Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell
communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by …

Intercellular communication between cellular compartments within the tumor and at distant
sites is critical for the development and progression of cancer. Exosomes have emerged as …

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent type of cancer in the world and
most common among women, configuring a major challenge to global health. BC is a …

The complexity of nanoscale interactions between biomaterials and cells has limited the
realization of the ultimate vision of nanotechnology in diagnostics and therapeutics. As such …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important
intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of …