Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic …

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism of developmental rescue in novel and
rapidly changing environments. Understanding the underlying mechanism of plasticity is …

We examine the evidence linking species' traits to contemporary range shifts and find they
are poor predictors of range shifts that have occurred over decades to a century. We then …

It is a familiar biological observation that the traits of an organism will vary to some extent
depending on environmental conditions. This individual flexibility is termed 'phenotypic …

Highlights•We provide a conceptual framework to examine correlated behavioural
plasticities.•We summarize conditions likely to give rise to them and highlight testable …

Abstract Knowledge on animal personality has provided new insights into evolutionary
biology and animal ecology, as behavioural types have been shown to affect fitness. Animal …

Within populations, individuals can vary in stress response, a multivariate phenomenon
comprising neuroendocrine, physiological and behavioural traits. Verbal models of …

Behavioural plasticity allows organisms to respond to environmental challenges on short
time scales. But what are the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie …

Conspecifics of the same age and size differ consistently in the pace with which they expend
energy. This among-individual variation in metabolic rate is thought to influence behavioural …