Background Extrinsic skin aging or photoaging was previously thought to be almost
exclusively due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, recent literature has described …

Melanocytes are skin cells that give color to the skin and form melanin color pigments. The
unbalanced division and proliferation of these cells result in skin cancer. The early diagnosis …

The Montreal Protocol has limited increases in the UV-B (280–315 nm) radiation reaching
the Earth's surface as a result of depletion of stratospheric ozone. Nevertheless, the …

Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB radiation. UVB is essential for
vitamin D synthesis but is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer. Sunscreen use is …

Visual examination plays a central role in the diagnosis of skin diseases. Many
dermatologists use magnification, or dermoscopy, to improve diagnostic certainty when …

Since time immemorial, people protected themselves from solar radiation. Limiting time in
the sun by seeking shade or wearing clothing was a matter of course. In the early 20th …

As the desire and popularity of a tanned appearance continues, the social effects of UV‐free
tanning are becoming more important. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) has seen extensive use as …

The growing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings has highlighted the
need for reliable and accurate methods to detect fenestration deterioration and assess UV …

Since the beginning of the development of sunscreen products, efforts have been made to
measure and quantify the protection performance of such products. Early on an in vivo …

Sunscreen when applied at the recommended concentration (2 mg/cm 2) has been shown
to block the harmful molecular effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in vivo. In real world …