Plastic debris are at present recognized as an emerging potential threat for natural
environments, wildlife and humans. In the past years an increasing attention has been …

Because paint particles consist of a resin (polymer) combined with one or more additives,
they bear compositional similarities with microplastics. Despite these shared characteristics …

Marine fouling is a worldwide challenge with huge damages on industrial structures, side
effects on economics of industries, and environmental and safety-related hazards. Different …

Because of the environmental and economic casualties of biofouling on maritime navigation,
modern studies have been devoted toward formulating advanced nanoscale composites in …

Paint particles are part of the increasingly important microplastics (MPs) pollution of our
oceans. They contain polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, alkyls and …

Tributyltin (TBT) was widely used as a highly efficient biocide in antifouling paints for ship
and boat hulls. Eventually, TBT containing paints became globally banned when TBT was …

Plastic pollution has been reported in the North Atlantic Ocean since the 1970s, yet limited
data over subsequent decades pose challenges when assessing spatio-temporal trends in …

The ship** industry is vital to global trade. Unfortunately, this industry is negatively
impacted on a large scale by biofouling, a process whereby unwanted organisms …

Due to the degradation-resistant and strong toxicity, heavy metals pose a serious threat to
the safety of water environment and aquatic ecology. Rapid acquisition and prediction of …

Microplastics are ubiquitous, and their widespread prevalence in the ecosphere has
generated concerns about their potential effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms …