Large language models (LLMs) have come closest among all models to date to mastering
human language, yet opinions about their linguistic and cognitive capabilities remain split …

Brain–computer interfaces—which allow direct communication between the brain and
external computers—have potential applications in neuroscience, medicine and virtual …

Biological organisms learn from interactions with their environment throughout their lifetime.
For artificial systems to successfully act and adapt in the real world, it is desirable to similarly …

Two different perspectives have informed efforts to explain the link between the brain and
behaviour. One approach seeks to identify neural circuit elements that carry out specific …

Neuroscientists have long characterized the properties and functions of the nervous system,
and are increasingly succeeding in answering how brains perform the tasks they do. But the …

Computational models in neuroscience usually take the form of systems of differential
equations. The behaviour of such systems is the subject of dynamical systems theory …

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-
trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer …

The study of the cortical control of movement experienced a conceptual shift over recent
decades, as the basic currency of understanding shifted from single-neuron tuning towards …

Significant experimental, computational, and theoretical work has identified rich structure
within the coordinated activity of interconnected neural populations. An emerging challenge …

Cognitive neuroscience seeks generalizable theories explaining the relationship between
behavioral, physiological and mental states. In pursuit of such theories, we propose a …