Clinically, cancer drug therapy is still dominated by chemotherapy drugs. Although the
emergence of targeted drugs has greatly improved the survival rate of patients with …

Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, and limited available treatment options contribute
to its high mortality rate. Exosomes are considered membrane-bound nanovesicles that …

Bladder cancer is one of the top ten most common cancers and top ten causes of cancer
death globally. 5-year survival rates have decreased in Australia from 66% to 55% in the …

Cancer remains the most common lethal disease in the world. Although the treatment
choices for cancer are still limited, significant progress has been made over the past few …

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from genetic mutations in
melanocytes. Several factors have been considered to be involved in melanoma …

Background Skin cancer, a common malignancy worldwide, has increased incidence and
mortality. Thus, it is a public health issue and a significant illness burden, which increases …

The traditional drug efficacy testing often conducted using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture
methods, which do not accurately replicate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment …

Cytokines and chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are soluble extracellular proteins that
bind to specific receptors and play an integral role in the cell-to-cell signaling network. In …

Abstract Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous blood cancer
characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature lymphoid cells due to dysregulated …

Liquid biopsy is an innovative, minimally invasive diagnostic tool revolutionizing cancer
management by enabling the detection and analysis of cancer-related biomarkers from …