The subject of this review is the atmospheric chemistry of the metals that ablate from
meteoroids at altitudes between 70 and 120 km in the Earth's atmosphere. Before describing …

The presence of thin layers of free metal atoms at around 90 km in the upper atmosphere
has been known for about fifty years. Layers of the alkali metals Na, K and Li, as well as Ca …

This paper describes a laboratory study into the chemical pathways by which Na+ is
converted to Na in the upper atmosphere. The termolecular clustering reactions of Na+ with …

Observations of high-latitude sporadic-E (Es) layers and theories of their formation are
reviewed. The layers are found to be composed of metallic ions, they are at times formed by …

Although the existence of thin ionized layers at heights around 100 km has been known for
many years, it is only much more recently that thin neutral metal layers have been observed …

In this paper, we studied the possible relations between incoming meteors, sporadic E (Es)
layers, and sporadic (or sudden) sodium atom layers (SSLs) using the data from the …

We describe three sporadic layering events observed in the mesospheric metal layers
above Urbana, Illinois, using resonance fluorescence lidars and an MF radar. On June 6–7 …

The characteristics of metallic and molecular ion sporadic-E (E s) layers, formed by the
action of strong electric fields at auroral latitudes, are examined using computer simulations …

We report the statistical features of sporadic sodium layers (SSLs) and the thermospheric
enhanced sodium layers (TeSLs) observed by a lidar chain located at Bei**g (40.2° N …

Abstract Sporadic Na (Na,) layer events were frequently identified during 160 h of lidar
observations at Arecibo in January, March and April 1989. Most were accompanied by …