Threatening the global community is a wide variety of potential threats, most notably
invasive pest species. Invasive pest species are non-native organisms that humans have …

Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse
communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens …

Propolis is one of the most fascinating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) products. It is a plant
derived product that bees produce from resins that they collect from different plant organs …

Social insect colonies have evolved many collectively performed adaptations that reduce the
impact of infectious disease and that are expected to maximize their fitness. This colony …

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well recognized beneficial host-associated members of the
microbiota of humans and animals. Yet LAB-associations of invertebrates have been poorly …

Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells
group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different …

We review the morphology, larval feeding habits, reproductive behavior, and social behavior
of Scolytinae and Platypodinae. Their morphology and behavior are adaptations to a …

Global pollinators, like honeybees, are declining in abundance and diversity, which can
adversely affect natural ecosystems and agriculture. Therefore, we tested the current …

After more than a century of American Foulbrood (AFB) research, this fatal brood infection is
still among the most deleterious bee diseases. Its etiological agent is the Gram-positive …

Social immunity, which describes how individual behaviors of group members effectively
reduce disease and parasite transmission at the colony level, is an emerging field in social …