The prevailing global environmental distress, particularly in rural areas, calls for the
adoption of integrated sustainable rural development strategies like climate-smart …

Understanding distribution patterns and multitrophic interactions is critical for managing bat‐
and bird‐mediated ecosystem services such as the suppression of pest and non‐pest …

Although most bird species avoid agricultural areas, nearly a third of all birds regularly to
occasionally use such habitats, often providing important ecosystem services like pest …

Despite centuries of urbanization and industrialization, around half of the world's people still
live as subsis-tence or small-scale farmers. The pro-duction of agricultural export …

Tropical landscapes are dominated by land‐use systems, but their contribution to the
conservation of biodiversity is largely unknown. Since changes in biodiversity in response to …

Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are rapidly expanding across tropical
landscapes, yet we currently have a very poor understanding of the value of these human …

Cocoa is a crop grown largely by smallholder farmers in the lowland tropics, including parts
of Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia. Research suggests that it has the potential to …

The traditional shade cacao plantations (cabrucas) of southern Bahia, Brazil, are biologically
rich habitats, encompassing many forest-dwelling species. However, a critical question for …

Despite Ghana's large contribution to global cocoa production, average yields are low.
Policymakers and practitioners are calling for implementation of a climate smart strategy by …

Large-scale intensification of smallholder cacao management is currently affecting the
agroforestry landscapes of Sulawesi (Indonesia), the world's third largest cacao producer …