Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their
pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human …

Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a
variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published …

The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III
secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription …

TAL effectors of plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas bind host DNA and
activate genes that contribute to disease or turn on defense. Target specificity depends on …

The evolution of the plant immune response has culminated in a highly effective defense
system that is able to resist potential attack by microbial pathogens. The primary immune …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

Diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases and epidemics that threaten
crop yield and food security around the world. Research over the last 25 years has led to an …

Xanthomonads are bacterial plant pathogens that cause diseases on many plant species,
including important crops. Key to pathogenicity of most Xanthomonas pathovars is a Hrp …

From a global viewpoint, a number of challenges need to be met for sustainable rice
production:(i) increasingly severe occurrence of insects and diseases and indiscriminate …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola cause bacterial
blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice (Oryza sativa), which constrain production of this staple …