IL (interleukin)-6 is a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, which enacts a broad set of
physiological functions traditionally associated with host defense, immune cell regulation …

The endothelium is considered to be the gatekeeper of the vessel wall, maintaining and
regulating vascular integrity. In patients with chronic kidney disease, protective endothelial …

Background IL-6 has emerged as a pivotal factor in atherothrombosis. Yet, the safety and
efficacy of IL-6 inhibition among individuals at high atherosclerotic risk but without a …

Organ-on-chip (OOC) systems are revolutionizing tissue engineering by providing dynamic
models of tissue structure, organ-level function, and disease phenotypes using human cells …

Increasing evidence indicates that exercise has beneficial effects on chronic inflammation,
cardiorespiratory function, muscle and bone strength and metabolic markers in adults with …

Most older individuals develop inflammageing, a condition characterized by elevated levels
of blood inflammatory markers that carries high susceptibility to chronic morbidity, disability …

Background: Despite available clinical management strategies, chronic kidney disease
(CKD) is associated with severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, which beckons new …

Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a
variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds. These factors …

While patient care, kidney replacement therapy, and transplantation techniques for chronic
kidney disease (CKD) have continued to progress, the incidence of malnutrition disorders in …

Persistent, low‐grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all‐cause mortality of these patients …