The mammalian brain is a complex organ comprising neurons, glia, and more than 1× 1014
synapses. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a population of tissue-resident glial cells found
throughout the CNS, constituting approximately 5% of all CNS cells and persisting from …

Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is an important subject of
neuroimmunological research. Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key …

The use of implants that can electrically stimulate or record electrophysiological or
neurochemical activity in nervous tissue is rapidly expanding. Despite remarkable results in …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions present diverse challenges for repair strategies.
Anatomically complete injuries require restoration of neural connectivity across lesions …

Background Interactions between neurons, astrocytes, and microglia critically influence
neuroinflammatory responses to insult in the central nervous system. In vitro astrocyte and …

Injury or disease to the CNS results in multifaceted cellular and molecular responses. One
such response, the glial scar, is a structural formation of reactive glia around an area of …

Increasing data indicate that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission
are two novel pathways to pathophysiology in mood disorders. The primary goal of this …

Depression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide.
Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but …