The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

The secular trend of seawater strontium isotope ratio (87 Sr/86 Sr) reflects changes in the
relative contributions of continental versus mantle reservoirs to ocean composition, and …

The relationship between oxygen and evolution of early eukaryotes including algae and
primitive animals in geological history has been debated, partly due to the varying estimates …

Although Ce anomalies are commonly used to reconstruct past seawater redox conditions,
published interpretations are based on various proxy materials and analytical approaches …

The redox chemistry of anoxic continental margin settings evolved from widespread sulfide-
containing (euxinic) conditions to a global ferruginous (iron-containing) state in the early …

Anoxic and iron-rich (ferruginous) conditions prevailed in the ocean under the low-oxygen
atmosphere that occurred through most of the Archean Eon. While euxinic conditions (ie …

The Ulvophyceae, a major group of green algae, is of particular evolutionary interest
because of its remarkable morphological and ecological diversity. Its phylogenetic …

Variations in atmosphere oxygen and ocean sulfate concentrations through time are
regarded as important controls on the cycles of sediment-hosted and volcanic-hosted ore …

The burial of organic carbon, which prevents its remineralization via oxygen-consuming
processes, is considered one of the causes of Earth's oxygenation. Yet, higher levels of …

The geological timescale before 720 Ma uses rounded absolute ages rather than specific
events recorded in rocks to subdivide time. This has led increasingly to mismatches between …