The quinolones trap DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV on DNA as complexes in
which the DNA is broken but constrained by protein. Early studies suggested that drug …

Proline is not only an essential component of proteins but it also has important roles in
adaptation to osmotic and dehydration stresses, redox control, and apoptosis. Here, we …

Stress responses allow cells to adapt to changes in external conditions by activating specific
pathways. Here we investigate the dynamics of single cells that were subjected to acute …

All free‐living bacteria carry the toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems controlling cell growth and
death under stress conditions. YeeU–YeeV (CbtA) is one of the Escherichia coli TA systems …

Promoters adjust cellular gene expression in response to internal or external signals and
are key elements for implementing dynamic metabolic engineering concepts in fermentation …

Abstract In 1943, Luria and Delbrück used a phage-resistance assay to establish
spontaneous mutation as a driving force of microbial diversity. Mutation rates are still studied …

Periplasmic proteins are involved in a wide range of bacterial functions, including motility,
biofilm formation, sensing environmental cues, and small-molecule transport. In addition, a …

Clinical microbiology has always been a slowly evolving and conservative science. The sub-
field of bacteriology has been and still is dominated for over a century by culturebased …

Hospital-associated infections are a major concern for global public health. Infections with
antibiotic-resistant pathogens can cause empiric treatment failure, and for infections with …

With rising rates of drug-resistant infections, there is a need for diagnostic methods that
rapidly can detect the presence of pathogens and reveal their susceptibility to antibiotics …