Background Cardiotocography (CTG) is a monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine
contractions. Since 1960 it is routinely used by obstetricians to assess fetal well-being. Many …

Background. Cardiotocography has a poor diagnostic value in detecting fetal acidosis.
Spectral analysis of fetal heart rate variability can be used to monitor the fetal autonomic …

Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is routinely used in clinical practice to help obstetricians
assess fetal health status during delivery. However, early detection of fetal acidosis that …

Monitoring of foetal heart rate and its variability (FHRV) covers an important role in
assessing health of foetus. Many analysis methods have been used to get quantitative …

Monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR) and fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) during pregnancy is
important to support medical decision making. Before labor, the fHR is usually monitored …

Linear and nonlinear fetal heart rate (FHR) indices, namely mean FHR, interval index (II),
very low, low and high frequencies, approximate (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) …

Hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and severe
neurodevelopmental disability in survivors, including cerebral palsy, although there are no …

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technique used to monitor intrapartum fetal condition and is
one of the most common obstetric procedures. Second line methods of fetal monitoring have …

Background The fetal heart rate (FHR) is commonly monitored during labor to detect early
fetal acidosis. FHR variability is traditionally investigated using Fourier transform, often with …

Objective Non‐invasive spectral analysis of fetal heart rate variability is a promising new
field of fetal monitoring. To validate this method properly, we studied the relationship …