Sexual selection is a key component of evolutionary biology. However, from the very
formulation of sexual selection by Darwin, the nature and extent of sexual selection have …

Conventional sex roles imply caring females and competitive males. The evolution of sex
role divergence is widely attributed to anisogamy initiating a self‐reinforcing process. The …

The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of
sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput …

Consistent individual behavioural tendencies, termed “personalities”, have been identified in
a wide range of animals. Functional explanations for personality have been proposed, but …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

Human height is a highly variable trait, both within and between populations, has a high
heritability, and influences the manner in which people behave and are treated in society …

Males and females of nearly all animals differ in their body size, a phenomenon called
sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The degree and direction of SSD vary considerably among …

Diet affects both lifespan and reproduction [1–9], leading to the prediction that the
contrasting reproductive strategies of the sexes should result in sex-specific effects of …

Males and females share most of their genomes and express many of the same traits, yet the
sexes often have markedly different selective optima for these shared traits. This sexually …

Converging lines of inquiry from across the social and biological sciences target the adult
sex ratio (ASR; the proportion of males in the adult population) as a fundamental population …