The ongoing global climate change is challenging all sectors, forestry notwithstanding. On
the one hand, forest ecosystems are exposed to and threatened by climate change, but on …

Mixed forests play a key role in terms of stability, production potential and adaptation to
climate change. Norway spruce [PA, Picea abies (L.) Karst] and European beech (FS, Fagus …

Wildlife damage to forests has become an increasingly serious problem in recent years, and
its impact is exacerbated by ongoing climate change. Rising temperatures, prolonged …

As a result of human population growth and human need for resources, the landscape has
been increasingly transformed and devastated by mining activities. Subsequent …

Implementation of various restrictions to eradicate viral diseases has globally affected
human activity and subsequently nature. But how can the altered routines of human activity …

Mixed lowland forests reserved for natural succession are sparse in the Czech Republic.
However, their development provides essential insights into the natural processes of these …

Key message Bark strip** wounds by red deer (Cervus elavus L.) were assessed on 9026
Norway spruce trees. Wound variables (length, width, area, relative width, height above …

Large ungulate populations are known to cause economic damage to agriculture and
forestry. Bark damage is particularly detrimental to the timber production of certain species …

The damage to trees that is caused by ungulate species is a natural result of their presence
in ecosystems. High densities of ungulates may have a negative effect on biodiversity and …

Tree damage by game browsing is one of the biggest threats to forest ecosystems at the time
of climate change and large-scale forest disturbances. The aim of the paper was to …