Aging of the brain can manifest itself as a memory and cognitive decline, which has been
shown to frequently coincide with changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability, with a
considerable socioeconomic burden. Heterogeneity of pathoanatomical subtypes and …

The role of microglia in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood and is often
confused with the response of macrophages. Here, we use specific transgenic mouse lines …

Background Interactions between neurons, astrocytes, and microglia critically influence
neuroinflammatory responses to insult in the central nervous system. In vitro astrocyte and …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe cerebrovascular disease that has
high mortality. Few survivors achieve self-care. Currently, patients receive only symptomatic …

Microglia are specialized parenchymal‐resident phagocytes of the central nervous system
(CNS) that actively support, defend and modulate the neural environment. Dysfunctional …

Microglia were first identified over a century ago, but our knowledge about their ontogeny
and functions has significantly expanded only recently. Microglia colonize the central …

The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) involves primary and secondary
mechanisms of injury. Though both mechanisms are involved in the neurological …

Inflammation clearly occurs in pathologically vulnerable regions of the Alzheimer's disease
(AD) brain, and it does so with the full complexity of local peripheral inflammatory responses …

The most characteristic feature of microglial cells is their rapid activation in response to even
minor pathological changes in the CNS. Microglia activation is a key factor in the defence of …