The gradual decline in global oil reserves and presence of ever so stringent emissions rules
around the world, have created an urgent need for the production of automobiles with …

Energy management systems (EMSs), implemented in the electronic control unit (ECU) of an
actual vehicle with electrified powertrain, are a much simpler version of the theoretically …

The cost and reliability of fuel cells are major obstructions preventing fuel cell hybrid electric
vehicle (FCHEV) from entering the mainstream market. However, many of the degradation …

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Presence of an alternative energy source along with the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) appeals for optimal power split between them for …

This paper addresses the energy management strategy (EMS) for a fuel cell hybrid electric
vehicle (FC-HEV). The purpose of this paper is to ensure an optimal power splitting between …

Internal Combustion Engine based transportation rapidly increases the impact on the
environment. The burning of fossil fuels in the industries and transportation sector breadth of …

Hybrid technology in marine vehicles can significantly reduce fuel consumption and local
CO 2 emissions. It has been applied successfully to several ship-types, mostly with …

This paper presents a novel method to solve the energy management problem for hybrid
electric vehicles (HEVs) with engine start and gearshift costs. The method is based on a …

The extender range electric vehicle (EREV) is an effective way to solve the “mileage anxiety”
of pure electric vehicles, and the fuel economy of EREV is the key point of energy …