There is a growing consensus that the various forms of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis and
autophagy) are not separated by strict boundaries, but rather share molecular effectors and …

The X-linked muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations
in the gene encoding dystrophin. There is currently no effective treatment for the disease; …

Type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is the most common form of
diabetes worldwide, affecting approximately 4% of the world's adult population. It is …

Both necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death are observed in various neurological and
neurodegenerative disorders. Calpain is activated in various necrotic and apoptotic …

Intracellular protein degradation rates decrease with age in many tissues and organs. In
cultured cells, chaperone-mediated autophagy, which is responsible for the selective …

Traumatic brain injury is a major source of death and disability worldwide. Significant
success has been achieved in improving short‐term outcomes in severe traumatic brain …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a devastating inherited neuromuscular disorder that affects
one in 3300 live male births. Although the responsible gene and its product, dystrophin …

In the last decade a tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the control of
apoptosis by survival and death factors as well as the molecular mechanisms of preparation …

Although longstanding experimental evidence has associated alterations of calcium
homeostasis to cell death, only in the past few years the role of calcium in the signaling of …

The high turnover of endothelial cells (EC) in atherosclerosis suggests that an increase in
the frequency of both cell proliferation and cell death is important in the pathogenesis of this …