Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory
damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence …

Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous
system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood …

Summary Microglia (MG), the brain-resident macrophages, play major roles in health and
disease via a diversity of cellular states. While embryonic MG display a large heterogeneity …

The accumulation of self-renewed polarized microglia in the penumbra is a critical
neuroinflammatory process after ischemic stroke, leading to secondary demyelination and …

Microglia constitute the largest population of parenchymal macrophages in the brain and are
considered a unique subset of central nervous system glial cells owing to their extra …

Background Exercise is postulated to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention for
the improvement of neurodegenerative disease pathology. However, the mechanism of …

Microglia play a crucial role in interacting with neuronal synapses and modulating synaptic
plasticity. This function is particularly significant during postnatal development, as microglia …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents one of the most severe subtypes of stroke. Due
to the complexity of the brain injury mechanisms following ICH, there are currently no …

Highlights•Microglia assume diverse states across developmental periods and
pathologies.•Brain environment drives selection and function of microglial …

Cytokines are potent immunomodulators exerting pleiotropic effects in the central nervous
system (CNS). They influence neuronal functions and circuit activities with effects on …