Electric equivalent circuit (EEC) models have been widely used to interpret the inner
dynamics of all type of batteries. Added to this, they also have been used to estimate state of …

In this paper, we examine the effect of a small amount of Sn, Sr and Ca on the hardening
and the kinetic properties of Pb. Experimentally, we analyze the specific process from the …

One of the factors that affects energy transfer by Lithium-ion batteries is internal resistance.
This internal resistance occurs due to resistivity of the electrochemical materials and its ionic …

In the manufacturing process of lead acid battery, formation is one of the most important
steps. Quality of formation will directly affect performance and life of the lead acid battery …

In this study, we dissolved PbO in a new electrolyte urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
chloride (EMIC) and electrochemically extracted Pb. The electrochemical behavior of lead …

ABSTRACT Poly (vinylidene co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) has gained considerable
attention as an alternative to the commercial separators in energy devices. NiO nanofiller …

The aim of this paper is the quality control of the manufactured lead acid battery by using the
causal and fault tree analysis. The causal tree allows the description of the correlations …

As the emergency power supply for a simulation substation, lead-acid batteries have a work
pattern featuring non-continuous operation, which leads to capacity regeneration. However …

It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even
failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte …

The present disclosure provides a method for measuring an internal resistance of a battery,
after discharging/charging the battery under a preset constant-current, acquiring volt ages of …