Background Sex differences are important epidemiological factors that impact in the
frequency and severity of infectious diseases. A clear sexual dimorphism in bacterial …

Background Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are the major public health problems in many parts
of the world particularly in resource limited countries like Ethiopia. Although studies have …

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European
Respiratory Society (ERS) jointly developed European Union Standards for Tuberculosis …

Background Management of tuberculosis in patients with HIV in eastern Europe is
complicated by the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, low rates of drug …

TB/HIV coinfection poses a complex public health challenge. Accurate forecasting of future
trends is essential for efficient resource allocation and intervention strategy development …

Background International human migration has been rapidly growing. Migrants coming from
low and middle income countries continue to be considerably vulnerable and at higher risk …

As tuberculosis (TB) spreads beyond borders with people movements, several interventions
ensuring the continuity of care are essential, although difficult to put in place in the absence …

Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals
with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases …

In spite of the growing awareness of emerging drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
the extent of inappropriate tuberculosis (TB) case management may be underestimated …

Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a necessary, but not sufficient, cause of
tuberculosis. A number of studies have addressed the issue of risk factors for tuberculosis …