The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters
of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation …

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern
the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were …

This paper reviews the scientific motivation and challenges, development, and use of
underwater robotic vehicles designed for use in ice-covered waters, with special attention …

As Arctic sea ice deteriorates, more light enters the ocean, causing largely unknown effects
on the ecosystem. Using an autonomous biophysical observatory, we recorded zooplankton …

Low-salinity meltwater from Arctic sea ice and its snow cover accumulates and creates
under-ice meltwater layers below sea ice. These meltwater layers can result in the formation …

Winter is an important season for many limnological processes, which can range from
biogeochemical transformations to ecological interactions. Interest in the structure and …

Light transmission through sea ice is a critical process for energy partitioning at the polar
atmosphere‐ice‐ocean boundary. Transmission of sunlight strongly impacts sea ice melting …

This paper deals with the shape control of a passive tether that links underwater vehicles.
The pair of robots is composed of a leader that explores the environment, and a follower that …

The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of
low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this …

Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming
increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life …