Multiscale systems biology and systems pharmacology are powerful methodologies that are
playing increasingly important roles in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of …

The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to boost a patient's immune response to a tumour. Yet,
the design of an effective immunotherapy is complicated by various factors, including a …

Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages exist in an immunosuppressive state,
preventing T cells from eliminating the tumor. Due to this, research is focusing on …

Overwhelming evidence has shown the significant role of the tumor microenvironment (TME)
in governing the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression. Digital pathology can …

Heterogeneity is a fundamental property of biological systems at all scales that must be
addressed in a wide range of biomedical applications, including basic biomedical research …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging cancer immunotherapy. Despite notable successes in
the treatment of some tumors, OV therapy for central nervous system cancers has failed to …

A hallmark of breast tumors is its spatial heterogeneity that includes its distribution of cancer
stem cells and progenitor cells, but also heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. In this …

A large proportion of patients with cancer are unresponsive to treatment with immune
checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies. Here, we report a mathematical model of …

Tumors are evolving ecosystems where cancer subclones and the microenvironment
interact. This is analogous to interaction dynamics between species in their natural habitats …

The development of cancer stems from genetic instability and changes in genomic
sequences, and hence, the heterogeneity exhibited by tumors is integral to the nature of …