Optical wireless is the alternative approach to complete the deployment of optical cable
networks in case of failure in implementation. In optical wave the attenuation due to …

The simulation and investigation of a 32× 10 Gb/s WDM all-optical bidirectional hybrid
communication system for outdoor applications is presented in this article via …

In the past decade, urban last-mile logistics (ULML) has attracted increasing attention with
the growth of e-commerce. Under this background, express cabinet has been gradually …

Developments in the technology sector are currently experiencing rapid progress, especially
in data transmission technology. The increasing need for fast data traffic in the …

In this paper, the performance of wavelength division multiplexing based on free space
optical communication is enhanced via the power comparative system (PCS). The proposed …

Free space optical (FSO) communications has garnered significant attention as a potential
substitute for radio frequency (RF) wireless communication in short and long range …

Light fidelity (Li-Fi) considers technology in optical wireless communication (OWC) that
utilize visible light for transmission in free space, visible light communication (VLC) …

Gbps using 4 channels WDM based hybrid optical communication system is proposed. The
data transmission is efficiently possible by both fiber optics and FSO channels. The better …

A cost effective, robust, and high capacity access network necessitated to meet the mounting
customer demands for bandwidth-desirous services. A remarkable evolution of access …

The hybrid network WDM Radiofrequency over free space optics (RoFSO) is one of the
modern technologies that support develo** the 5th generation for the communication …