Oxidative stress is usually defined as an imbalance arising when the rate of production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defence and repair …

Melatonin is a molecule present in a multitude of taxa and may be ubiquitous in organisms. It
has been found in bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, macroalgae, fungi, plants and animals. A …

Thirty years of research has made carotenoid coloration a textbook example of an honest
signal of individual quality, but tests of this idea are surprisingly inconsistent. Here, to …

Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive
account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration …

Carotenoids are among the most prevalent pigments used in animal signals and are also
important for a range of physiological functions. These concomitant roles have made …

Many of the colour displays of animals are proposed to have evolved in response to female
mate choice for honest signals of quality, but such honest signalling requires mechanisms to …

Understanding the mechanisms that link ornamental displays and individual condition is key
to understanding the evolution and function of ornaments. Immune function is an aspect of …

Pesticide coated seeds are commonly used in agriculture, and may be an important source
of food for some birds in times of scarcity, as well as a route of pesticide ingestion. We tested …

Carotenoid coloration is widely recognized as a signal of individual condition in various
animals, but despite decades of study, the mechanisms that link carotenoid coloration to …

Animal colors play important roles in communication, ecological interactions and speciation.
Carotenoid pigments are responsible for many yellow, orange and red hues in animals …