Purpose Globally, the management of financial risks has gained much attention in the public–
private partnerships (PPP) market in recent years. Existing studies rank financial risks …

Businesses are bombarded with great deals of risks, vulnerabilities, and unforeseen
business interruptions in their lifetime, which negatively affect their productivity and …

This work investigates the evolution of traditional set theory to address complex and
ambiguous real-world phenomena. It introduces hierarchical hyperstructures and …

Sponge City (SC) projects offer an effective measure for co** with frequent occurrence of
urban flooding as well as water shortage. In China, enormous demand for urban …

To address the issues of ambiguous uncertainty and conflicting evidence in risk evaluation
of wastewater treatment public-private partnership (PPP) project, a risk evaluation approach …

With increasing worldwide attention on clean energy and sustainability of environment
development, electric vehicle (EV) projects have been growing in number and scale all over …

Low profit margins have become a significant barrier to investment in and the operation of
electric vehicle-charging infrastructure, leading to an urgent need for new business models …

Abstract Public-private partnership (PPP)-based infrastructure projects generally face many
risks and uncertainties at all stages of the project, including initial studies, design …

With the increasing requirement on energy saving, emission reduction and environmental
protection in China, the straw-based power generation is develo** rapidly, which can not …

This study aims to construct a hybrid decision‐making approach to the stochastic evaluation
for the innovation capacity of financial institutions. For this purpose, interval type 2 fuzzy …