Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

As populations age worldwide, the burden of valvular heart disease has grown
exponentially, and so has the proportion of affected women. Although rheumatic valve …

It is well known that cardiovascular disease manifests differently in women and men. The
underlying causes of these differences during the aging lifespan are less well understood …

Myocardial fibrosis is a remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following
cardiac stress.“Replacement fibrosis” is a term used to describe wound healing in the acute …

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the next epidemic in the cardiovascular field, affecting
millions of people worldwide and having a major impact on health care systems. With aging …

The convergence of tissue engineering and patient-specific stem cell biology has enabled
the engineering of in vitro tissue models that allow the study of patient-tailored treatment …

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sex on the management and
outcome of patients according to aortic stenosis (AS) severity. Introduction Sex differences in …

This Atlas chapter summarizes sex-and some gender-associated, and unique aspects and
manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. CVD is the primary cause of …

Whether sex differences exist in the cardiac remodeling related to aortic regurgitation (AR) is
unclear. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current non-invasive reference standard …

Valvular heart diseases have long been considered to be similar in men and women and
across races/ethnicities. Recently, studies have demonstrated major differences between …