Abstract The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan system, named the Third Pole because it
is the largest global store of frozen water after the polar regions, provides a reliable water …

Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau,
TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences …

While the annual mean Arctic Amplification (AA) index varied between two and three during
the 1970–2000 period, it reached values exceeding four during the first two decades of the …

Warming in the Arctic has been much faster than the rest of the world in both observations
and model simulations, a phenomenon known as the Arctic amplification (AA) whose cause …

By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern
observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a …

The Arctic has seen rapid sea-ice decline in the past three decades, whilst warming at about
twice the global average rate. Yet the relationship between Arctic warming and sea-ice loss …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

The past decade has seen substantial advances in understanding Arctic amplification—that
trends and variability in surface air temperature tend to be larger in the Arctic region than for …

The rise in Arctic near-surface air temperatures has been almost twice as large as the global
average in recent decades,,—a feature known as 'Arctic amplification'. Increased …

Analyses of 32 yr (1979–2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite
passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and …