Speed control of DC motor needs excellent robustness to guarantee its function to work
properly against uncertainty and disturbance. The uncertainty may occur because of …

Calibration costs of fluid quantity are not only expensive but also take time, particularly if
calibrator facilities are limited. Sometimes, calibrated measuring points do not match the …

Traceability is urgent to guarantee the truth of measurement, particularly for National
Standard. Although a bell prover facility has established as the national low pressure gas …

In the digital era, time measurement is more widely used in everyday life. The need for exact
time measurement for online business transactions and telecommunications to record time …

The platinum-100 (PT100) is the one type of temperature sensor which is widely used not
only in industry but also in Calibration Laboratory, especially in room condition. To assure …

The world has an ocean area as a major territory. Consequently, sensing water salinity is
crucial in strengthening drinking water and food crops. The electrical conductivity method is …

Calibration facilities of fluid flow rate measurement, particularly primary standards, require
significant operational costs and time. The more measuring points, the more resources will …

The measurement of propeller speed of a quadrotor helicopter is very useful to estimate its
thrust force. The infrared light on the optoelectronics method is used to detect the existence …

The water's acidity level will impact the water's suitability for fish survival. Fish waste and
food residue, on the other hand, can reduce the acidity of the water and produce toxic …

Direct current (DC) motor is extensively used in industry, education, and household
appliances. The speed quality of the DC motor needs to be guaranteed from interference …