Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from
alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic …

Rhythmic and effective cardiac contraction depends on appropriately timed generation and
spread of cardiac electrical activity. The basic cellular unit of such activity is the action …

Drug-induced Torsade-de-Pointes (TdP) has been responsible for the withdrawal of many
drugs from the market and is therefore of major concern to global regulatory agencies and …

The SLC8 gene family encoding Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) belongs to the CaCA
(Ca2+/Cation Antiporter) superfamily. Three mammalian genes (SLC8A1, SLC8A2, and …

Drug-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias can be caused by cardiovascular drugs,
noncardiovascular drugs, and even nonprescription agents. They can result in arrhythmic …

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are secondary voltage depolarizations during the
repolarizing phase of the action potential, which can cause lethal cardiac arrhythmias. The …

Introduction Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cause of sudden arrhythmic death, but
the understanding of its pro-arrhythmic mechanisms and an effective pharmacological …

The characterization of single gene disorders has provided important insights into the
molecular pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Primary electricalal diseases including long …

NCX proteins explore the electrochemical gradient of Na+ to mediate Ca 2+-fluxes in
exchange with Na+ either in the Ca 2+-efflux (forward) or Ca 2+-influx (reverse) mode …

Improved treatments for heart failure patients will require the development of novel
therapeutic strategies that target basal disease mechanisms. Disrupted cardiomyocyte Ca2+ …