Among the main components of a smart city, the energy system plays a vital and core role in
the transition towards a sustainable urban life. Furthermore, the utilization of renewable …

In recent years, the terms “Smart Energy” and “Smart Energy Systems” have been used to
express an approach that reaches broader than the term “Smart grid”. Where Smart Grids …

EnergyPLAN is an energy system analysis tool created for the study and research in the
design of future sustainable energy solutions with a special focus on energy systems with …

This review article presents a description of contemporary developments and findings
related to the different elements needed in future 4th generation district heating systems …

This article shows that research in the design of 100% renewable energy systems in
scientific articles is fairly new but has gained increasing attention in recent years. In total …

Fourth-generation district heating (4GDH) has been used as a label or expression since
2008 to describe a transition path for decarbonization of the district heating sector and was …

Energy systems analyses are integrated elements in planning the transition towards
renewable energy-based energy systems. This is due to a growing complexity arising from …

This study presents one scenario for a 100% renewable energy system in Europe by the
year 2050. The transition from a business-as-usual situation in 2050, to a 100% renewable …

It is often highlighted how the transition to renewable energy supply calls for significant
electricity storage. However, one has to move beyond the electricity-only focus and take a …

Today, coal is responsible for 40% of annual CO 2 emissions. At the same time, global
warming causes climate changes accompanied with catastrophic meteorological …