Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability
for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototy**”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in
performing various tasks in different environments. The significant progress in this emerging …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Natural musculoskeletal systems have been widely recognized as an advanced robotic
model for designing robust yet flexible microbots. However, the development of artificial …

Untethered microrobots can be used for cargo delivery (eg, drug molecules, stem cells, and
genes) targeting designated areas. However, it is not enough to just reach the lesion site, as …

Mobile micro‐and nanorobots are proposed for future biomedical applications, such as
diagnostics and targeted delivery. For their translation to clinical practice, biocompatibility …

Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs is considered to be one of the pillars of cancer
treatment as it could allow for a better treatment efficiency and less adverse effects. A …

Unprecedented opportunities exist for the generation of advanced nanotechnologies based
on synthetic micro/nanomotors (MNMs), such as active transport of medical agents or the …