Speculative execution is necessary for achieving high performance on modern general-
purpose CPUs but, starting with Spectre and Meltdown, it has also been proven to cause …

In Total Store Order memory consistency (TSO), loads can be speculatively reordered to
improve performance. If a load-load reordering is seen by other cores, speculative loads …

Modern out-of-order processors call for more aggressive scheduling techniques such as
priority scheduling and out-of-order commit to make use of increasing core resources. Since …

The number of instructions a processor's instruction queue can examine (depth) and the
number it can issue together (width) determine its ability to take advantage of the ILP in an …

MicroScope and other similar microarchitectural replay attacks take advantage of the
characteristics of speculative execution to trap the execution of the victim application in a …

Speculative side-channel attacks consist of two parts: The speculative instructions that
abuse speculative execution to gain illegal access to sensitive data and the side-channel …

Historically, energy constrained devices (ECDs) have favored simple in-order pipelines over
out-of-order (OoO) ones due to lower energy consumption. While prior research has focused …

Out-of-order execution is essential for high performance, general-purpose computation, as it
can find and execute useful work instead of stalling. However, it is typically limited by the …

Coarse-grained instruction commit mechanisms enabled the effective size of the instruction
window to be as large as possible by committing a group of instructions atomically. Within a …

Speculative out-of-order execution is one of the fundamental building blocks of modern, high-
performance processors. To maximize the utilization of the system's resources, hardware …