The Earth's cryosphere comprises those regions that are cold enough for water to turn into
ice. Recent findings show that the icy realms of polar oceans, glaciers and ice sheets are …

Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and
harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical …

The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas
content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice …

Glacier ecosystems are teeming with life on, beneath, and to a lesser degree, within their icy
masses. This conclusion largely stems from polar research, with less attention paid to …

Although biomineralization of CaCO 3 is widespread in Bacteria and Archaea, the molecular
mechanisms involved in this process remain less known than those used by Eukaryotes. A …

The melting of the cryosphere is among the most conspicuous consequences of climate
change, with impacts on microbial life and related biogeochemistry. However, we are …

The use of Drosophila melanogaster for studies of toxicology has grown considerably in the
last decade. The Drosophila model has long been appreciated as a versatile and powerful …

The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and
eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of …

Geologic, chemical and isotopic evidence indicate that Earth has experienced numerous
intervals of widespread glaciation throughout its history, with roughly 11% of present day …

Algae are important primary colonizers of snow and glacial ice, but hitherto little is known
about their ecology on Iceland's glaciers and ice caps. Due do the close proximity of active …