Intratumor heterogeneity has been widely reported in human cancers, but our knowledge of
how this genetic diversity emerges over time remains limited. A central challenge in studying …

Biofilms are a major form of microbial life in which cells form dense surface associated
communities that can persist for many generations. The long-life of biofilm communities …

Experimental evolution experiments in which bacterial populations are repeatedly exposed
to an antimicrobial treatment, and examination of the genotype and phenotype of the …

The pace and unpredictability of evolution are critically relevant in a variety of modern
challenges, such as combating drug resistance in pathogens and cancer, understanding …

The spreading of evolutionary novelties across populations is the central element of
adaptation. Unless populations are well mixed (like bacteria in a shaken test tube), the …

Drug gradients are believed to play an important role in the evolution of bacteria resistant to
antibiotics and tumors resistant to anticancer drugs. We use a statistical physics model to …

Via strength in numbers, groups of cells can influence their environments in ways that
individual cells cannot. Large-scale structural patterns and collective functions underpinning …

In large populations, many beneficial mutations may be simultaneously available and may
compete with one another, slowing adaptation. By finding the probability of fixation of a …

Cancer initiation, progression, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance are evolutionary
phenomena of clonal somatic cell populations. Studies in microbial experimental evolution …

Cancer results from a sequence of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a variety of
abnormal phenotypes including increased proliferation and survival of somatic cells and …